¹Office of the Press Secretary, "Fact Sheet: The Race to the Top," Washington, DC: The White House, 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/fact-sheet-race-top

U.S. Department of Education, "No Child Left Behind and Charter Schools: Giving Parents Information and Options," Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 2007. http://www2.ed.gov/nclb/choice/charter/nclb-charter.html

²Arne Duncan, "Turning around the Bottom Five Percent: Secretary Arne Duncan's Remarks at the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools Conference," Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education, 2009. http://www2.ed.gov/news/speeches/2009/06/06222009.html

³National Association of Charter School Authorizers (NACSA), "The State of Charter School Authorizing: A Report on NACSA’s Authorizer Survey," Chicago, IL: NACSA, 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

⁴National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (NAPCS), "Charter School Appeals," Washington, DC: NAPCS, 2009. http://www.qualitycharters.org/assets/files/images/stories/Charter_School_Appeals.pdf?q=images/stories/Charter_School_Appeals.pdf

⁵NACSA, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

⁶NACSA, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

⁷NACSA, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

⁸NACSA, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

⁹NACSA, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

¹⁰NACSA, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

¹¹NACSA, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

¹²National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (NAPCS), "Charter School Growth, 2012-13," In The Public Charter Schools Dashboard, Washington, DC: NAPCS, 2014. http://dashboard.publiccharters.org/dashboard/schools/page/growth/year/2013

¹³U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, and National Center for Education Statistics, "How Many Public Schools in the United States Have Closed?," In Digest of Education Statistics Fast Facts, Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, 2013. http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=619

U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, and National Center for Education Statistics, "Number and Enrollment of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools That Have Closed, by School Level and Type: Selected Years, 1995-96 through 2010-11," In Digest of Education Statistics, Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, 2012. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d12/tables/dt12_109.asp?referrer=report

¹⁴NAPCS, "The State of Charter School Authorizing," 2013. http://www.qualitycharters.org/publications-resources/annual-authorizer-survey.html

¹⁵Zorka Karanxha, "When the “Dream” Turns into a Nightmare: Life and Death of Voyager Charter School," Educational Administration Quarterly 49, no. 4 (2013): 576-609. http://eaq.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/03/14/0013161X12471832

Frederick M. Hess,"Whaddya Mean You Want to Close My School?: The Politics of Regulatory Accountability in Charter Schooling," Education and Urban Society 33, no. 2 (2001): 141-56. http://eus.sagepub.com/content/33/2/141.short

¹⁶David Osborne, "Improving Charter School Accountability: The Challenge of Closing Failing Schools," Washington DC: Progressive Policy Institute, 2012. http://www.progressivepolicy.org/publications/policy-report/improving-charter-school-accountability-the-challenge-of-closing-failing-schools/

¹⁷Karanxha, "When the “Dream” Turns into a Nightmare,” (2013). http://eaq.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/03/14/0013161X12471832

Joetta L. Sack, "California Charter Failure Affects 10,000 Students," Education Week 24, no. 1 (2004): 1. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA171025177&v=2.1&u=nysl_me_newyorku&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=1a853431624dd7cbfeec599d3b156753

¹⁸Education Commission of the States (ECS), "Charter Schools: Online Database," Denver, CO: ECS, 2014. http://www.ecs.org/html/educationIssues/CharterSchools/CHDB_intro.asp

¹⁹Thomas T. Holyoke, Jeffrey R. Henig, Heath Brown, and Natalie Lacireno-Paquet, "Policy Dynamics and the Evolution of State Charter School Laws," Policy Sciences 42, no. 1 (2009): 33-55. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11077-009-9077-3

²⁰Holyoke et al., “Policy Dynamics and the Evolution of State Charter School Laws,” 2009. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11077-009-9077-3

²¹Yahong Zhang and Kaifeng Yang. "What Drives Charter School Diffusion at the Local Level: Educational Needs or Political and Institutional Forces?," Policy Studies Journal 36, no. 4 (2008): 571-91. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00284.x/abstract

²²Arnold F. Shober, Paul Manna, and John F. Witte, "Flexibility Meets Accountability: State Charter School Laws and Their Influence on the Formation of Charter Schools in the United States," Policy Studies Journal 34, no. 4 (2006): 563-87. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2006.00191.x/abstract

²³Craig Howley, Jerry Johnson, and Jennifer Petrie, "Consolidation of Schools and Districts: What the Research Says and What It Means," Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center, University of Colorado, 2011. http://nepc.colorado.edu/files/PB-Consol-Howley-Johnson-Petrie.pdf

²⁴Martin Carnoy, "School Choice? Or Is It Privatization?," Educational Researcher 29, no. 7 (2000): 15-20. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1176146

²⁵Education Commission of the States (ECS), "Charter Schools - Does the State Allow Existing Public Schools to Convert to Charter Schools?," Denver, CO: ECS, 2014. http://ecs.force.com/mbdata/mbquestNB2?rep=CS1402

²⁶Andy Smarick, "Wave of the Future: Why Charter Schools Should Replace Failing Urban Schools," Education Next 8, no. 1 (2008): 38-45. http://educationnext.org/wave-of-the-future/

²⁷Duncan, "Turning around the Bottom Five Percent,” 2009. http://www2.ed.gov/news/speeches/2009/06/06222009.html

²⁸Julia Burdick-Will, Micere Keels, and Todd Schuble, "Closing and Opening Schools: The Association between Neighborhood Characteristics and the Location of New Educational Opportunities in a Large Urban District," Journal of Urban Affairs 35, no. 1 (2013): 59-80. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/juaf.12004/abstract

²⁹Carl L. Bankston III, Christopher Bonastia, Michael J. Petrilli, Diane Ravitch, Linda A. Renzulli and Maria Paino, "Viewpoints: Charter Schools," Contexts 12, no. 3 (2013). http://contexts.org/articles/summer-2013/charter-schools/

Jeffrey Brown, "New Orleans Rebuilds Education System with Charter Schools," PBS Newshour, June 5, 2014. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/new-orleans-rebuilds-education-system-charter-schools/

³¹Public Agenda, "Community Responses to School Reform in Chicago: Opportunities for Local Stakeholder Engagement," New York, NY: Public Agenda, 2012. http://www.publicagenda.org/pages/community-responses-to-school-reform-in-chicago

³²Linda Lutton, "Protests Planned as Chicago's School Board Considers Adding More Charter Schools," WBEZ Chicago Public Media, January 21, 2014. http://www.wbez.org/news/protests-planned-chicagos-school-board-considers-adding-more-charter-schools-109552